Integration of cf-mtDNA Liquid Biopsy and Quercetin-Inositol (Quercitol) Nanoliposomes: A Mitochondria-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Keywords:
biomarker, cf-mtDNA, inositol, kuersetin, nanoliposom, PCOSAbstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder with limited conventional diagnostic criteria and heterogeneous symptoms, especially in adolescents, contributing to the frequent underdiagnosis of PCOS. Recent studies have shown the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and increased cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) in the pathogenesis of PCOS, which has the potential to be used as a non-invasive biomarker based on liquid biopsy. This study aims to review the role in cf-mtDNA to diagnose and the potential of quercetin and inositol as mitochondria-based therapies. The writing method is a systematic literature review of 40 articles between 2016 and 2026 from PubMed and Google Scholar relevant to the development of research on cf-mtDNA, quercetin, and inositol in PCOS. The findings indicate that cf-mtDNA levels increase in PCOS patients and correlate with oxidative stress and insulin resistance, thus having the potential to become a non-invasive diagnostic indicator. Therapeutically, quercetin exhibits antioxidant and protective effects on mitochondria, while inositol improves insulin sensitivity and ovulation function. The combination of both compounds (quercitol) in a nanoliposome delivery system modified with triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) enhances targeting to mitochondria and biological efficacy. It can be concluded that the theranostic approach integrating cf-mtDNA biomarkers and nanoliposomal quercetin therapy presents an innovative, precise, and non-invasive strategy for personalized PCOS management.
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